M. R. D. Seaward

Department of Geography & Environmental Science,
University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK

and

H. J. M. Sipman

Botanischer Garten & Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität,
Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, D-14191 Berlin, Germany

This web page presents a continuously updated checklist for Iran, taking into account the additions published since Seaward et al. (2004) and nomenclatural changes. Currently it contains 471 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties and formae) of lichens and 9 species of lichenicolous or allied fungi, of which 53 taxa are additional to Seaward et al. (2004).

It should be noted that the checklist contains many doubtful references of taxa which are probably misidentified or whose current taxonomic position is unclear.

An asterisk (*) before a name indicates a taxon additional to those listed in Seaward et al. (2004); [LF] = lichenicolous fungus; [F] = non-lichenized fungus. The figures in () indicate the publications on which this list is based. The full references are given in the list below. The sign (XX) indicates that references are still to be added or unpublished.

Acarospora anatolica H. Magn. (6)

Acarospora bella (Nyl.) Jatta var. rageoti (Maheu & Werner) H. Magn. (6)

Acarospora bullata Anzi (6)

Acarospora cervina A. Massal. (4, 6, 7)

Acarospora cervina f. larvata (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn. (6)

Acarospora coeruleoalba var. concreta J. Steiner (6)

Acarospora compacta H. Magn. (6)

Acarospora elbursensis H. Magn. (6)

Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Th. Fr. (6)

Acarospora glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körb. (6)

Acarospora heufleriana Körb. (6)

Acarospora laqueata Stizenb. (6, 7)

*Acarospora lavicola J. Steiner (XX)

Acarospora macrospora (Hepp ex A. Massal.) Bagl. (6)

Acarospora murorum A. Massal. (6)

Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue (6)

Acarospora ochracea (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn. (6)

Acarospora placenta (Ehrenb. ex Nyl.) Hue (6)

Acarospora stapfiana (Müll. Arg.) Hue (4, 6)

Acarospora strigata (Nyl.) Jatta (4, 6)

Acarospora subpruinata J. Steiner (6)

Acarospora veronensis A. Massal. (6)

Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. (6)

Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körb. ex A. Massal. (6, 7)

Anaptychia crinalis (Schrad.) Vězda (6, 7)

Anaptychia elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt (6)

Anaptychia roemeri Poelt (4, 6)

Anaptychia setifera Mereschk. ex Räsänen (6)

Anaptychia ulothrichoides (Vain.) Vain. (4, 6, 7)

Anema decipiens (A. Massal.) Forssell (6)

Anema nummularium (Durieu & Mont.) Nyl. (6)

Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr. (6)

Arthonia depressula J. Steiner (6)

*Arthonia dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl. (XX)

*Arthonia endlicheri (Garov.) Oxner (XX)

*Arthonia muscigena Th.Fr. (XX)

Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. (6)

Arthonia ruderella Nyl. (6)

Arthopyrenia rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. [F] (6)

Arthothelium spectabile Flot. ex A. Massal. (6)

Aspicilia aschabadensis (J. Steiner) ined. (6)

Aspicilia caesiascens Pisút (6)

Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Körb. (6)

Aspicilia calcarea ssp. hoffmanniana S. Ekman & Fröberg (6)

Aspicilia calcarea var. raucum (J. Steiner) ined. (6)

Aspicilia candida (Anzi) Hue (4, 6)

Aspicilia cheresina (Müll. Arg.) Hue (6)

Aspicilia cheresina var. granuligera (J. Steiner) Szatala (6)

Aspicilia cheresina var. microspora (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl. Roux (6)

Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. var. alba (Schaer.) Anzi (6)

Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. (6)

Aspicilia coronata (A. Massal.) Bouly de Lesd. (6)

*Aspicilia emiliae Tomin (7)

Aspicilia esculenta (Pall.) Flagey (syn.:  Aspicilia desertorum) (6)

Aspicilia excrescens (J. Steiner) Szatala (6)

Aspicilia farinosa (Flörke) Arnold (6)

Aspicilia ferruginea (J. Steiner) Szatala (6)

*Aspicilia hispida Mereschk. (XX)

*Aspicilia lazarenkoi Oxner (XX)

Aspicilia persica (Müll. Arg.) ined. (6)

Aspicilia polychroma (Anzi) Nyl. (6)

Aspicilia polychromoides (J. Steiner) Hue (6)

Aspicilia straussii (J. Steiner) ined. (6)

Aspicilia subcalcarea (Müll. Arg.) Szatala (6)

Aspicilia trachytica (A. Massal.) Arnold (6)

Aspicilia vagans Oxner (6)

Bacidia laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. (6)

Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (6)

Bacidia subacerina Nyl. ex Vain. (6)

Bacidia tenax (Kremp.) Szatala (6)

Bactrospora dryina (Ach.) A. Massal. (6)

Bellemerea cupreoatra (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux (6)

*Biatoridium monasteriense J. Lahm ex Körb. (XX)

Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. (6)

Bryoria cf. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. (6)

Buellia disciformis var. saprophila (Ach.) Mudd (6)

Buellia meiosperma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. (6)

Buellia retrovertens Tuck. (6)

Buellia subalbula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. (6)

Buellia zoharyi Galun (6)

Caloplaca aegyptiaca (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner (6)

Caloplaca alociza (A. Massal.) Mig. (4, 6)

Caloplaca aurantia (Pers.) Hellb. (6)

Caloplaca biatorina (A. Massal.) J. Steiner (6)

Caloplaca biatorina var. gyalolechioides (Müll. Arg.) Poelt (6)

Caloplaca biatorina var. pusilloides J. Steiner (6)

Caloplaca biatorina var. sympecta J. Steiner (6)

Caloplaca bullata (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (6)

Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr. (6, 7)

Caloplaca cerina var. cyanolepra (DC.) Kickx (6)

Caloplaca cerina var. flava (Anzi) Jatta (6)

Caloplaca chalybeia (Fr.) Müll. Arg. (4, 6)

Caloplaca deceptoria (Flagey) J. Steiner (6)

Caloplaca decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell (6)

Caloplaca diphyodes (Nyl.) Jatta (6)

Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J. R. Laundon (6)

Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. var. persica Szatala (6)

Caloplaca holocarpa (Hoffm.) A. E. Wade (6)

Caloplaca lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. (6)

Caloplaca lacteoides Nav.-Ros. & Hladun (6)

*Caloplaca lobulata (Flörke) Hellb. (XX)

Caloplaca luteoalba (Turner) Th. Fr. (6)

Caloplaca marmorata (Bagl.) Jatta (6)

Caloplaca nideri J. Steiner (6)

*Caloplaca pellodella (Nyl.) Hasse (6)

Caloplaca persica (J. Steiner) M. Steiner & Poelt (6, 7)

Caloplaca polycarpoides (J. Steiner) M. Steiner & Poelt (6)

Caloplaca salicina (Schrad.) Szatala (6)

Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin (6, 9)

Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner (6)

Caloplaca trachyphylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (6)

Caloplaca transcaspica (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (4, 6)

Caloplaca variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg. (6)

Caloplaca velana (A. Massal.) Du Rietz (6)

Caloplaca xantholyta (Nyl.) Jatta (6)

Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein (6)

Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. (4, 6)

Candelariella aurella var. decolorans (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (6)

Candelariella oleifera H. Magn. (6)

Candelariella placodizans (Nyl.) H. Magn. (6)

*Candelariella plumbea Poelt & Vĕzda (XX)

Candelariella unilocularis (Elenkin) Nimis (6)

Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. (6, 7)

Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau (6)

Catillaria cf. chalybeia (Borrer) A. Massal. (6)

Catillaria detractula (Nyl.) H. Olivier (6)

Cercidospora epipolytropa (Mudd) Arnold [LF] (6)

Cetraria oakesiana Tuck. (8)

Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. (6)

Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon (6)

Cladonia awasthiana Ahti & Upreti (6)

Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flk. (3, 6)

*Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (6)

Cladonia convoluta (Lam.) Anders (3, 6)

Cladonia farinacea (Vain.) A. Evans (6)

Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. (6)

Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. (6)

Cladonia furcata ssp. subrangiformis (Sandst.) Abbayes (6)

Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) Grognot (6, 7)

Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. (6)

Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon (6)

Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. (6)

Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. (3, 6)

*Cladonia subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg. (XX)

Collema auriforme (With.) Coppins & J. R. Laundon (4, 6, 7)

Collema crispum (Huds.) F. H. Wigg. (6)

Collema cristatum (L.) Weber ex. F. H. Wigg. (6)

Collema cristatum var. marginale (Huds.) Degel. (6)

Collema flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. (6)

Collema furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz (6)

Collema fuscovirens (With.) J. R. Laundon (6, 7)

Collema polycarpon Hoffm. var. polycarpon (6)

Collema subflaccidum Degel. (6)

Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. (6, 9)

Dermatocarpon aegyptiacum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (6)

Dermatocarpon desertorum Tomin (6)

Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann (4, 6, 9)

Dermatocarpon miniatum var. cirsodes (Ach.) Zahlbr. (4, 6)

Dermatocarpon miniatum var. complicatum (Lightf.) Hellb. (4, 6)

Dermatocarpon miniatum var. pruinosum (A. Massal.) Müll. Arg. (6)

Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke (6)

Dermatocarpon verruculosum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (6)

Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman (6, 8)

Diploschistes actinostomus (Pers.) Zahlbr. (6)

Diploschistes candidissimus (Kremp.) Zahlbr. (6)

Diploschistes diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch (6, 7)

Diploschistes gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr. (6)

Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. (6)

Diploschistes ocellatus (Vill.) Norman (6)

Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman (6)

Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flot. (6)

Diplotomma venustum Körb. (4, 6, 7)

Eiglera flavida (Hepp) Hafellner (6)

Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. (4, 6)

Endococcus rugulosus Nyl. [LF] (6)

Enterographa hutchinsiae (Leighton) A.Massal. (6)

Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. (6, 7)

Farnoldia jurana (Schaer.) Hertel (4, 6)

Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Vězda (6)

Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (6)

Fulgensia bracteata (Hoffm.) Räsänen (6)

Fulgensia desertorum (Tomin) Poelt (6)

Fulgensia fulgens (Sw.) Elenkin (6)

Fulgensia fulgida (Nyl.) Szat. (6)

*Fulgensia schistidii (Anzi) Poelt (XX)

Fulgensia subbracteata (Nyl.) Poelt (4, 6)

Gloeoheppia turgida (Ach.) Gyeln. (6)

Glypholecia persica J. Steiner (6)

Glypholecia scabra (Pers.) Müll. Arg. (4, 6)

Glypholecia scabra var. candidissima (Nyl.) H. Magn.  (6)

Graphis analoga (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (6)

Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. (6)

Graphis scripta var. varia Ach. (6)

Heppia despreauxii (Mont.) Tuck. (6)

Heppia hepaticella Müll. Arg. (6)

Heppia lobulata Müll. Arg. (6)

Heppia myriospora Müll. Arg. (6)

Heppia solorinoides (Nyl.) Nyl. (6)

Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt (6)

Immersaria usbekica (Hertel) M. Barbero, Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux (6)

Lecania brachyspora Müll. Arg. (6)

*Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. (XX)

*Lecania fuscella (Schaer.) Körb. (XX)

Lecania koerberiana J. Lahm (6)

*Lecania naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & Van den Boom (XX)

Lecania nylanderiana A. Massal. (6)

Lecania nylanderiana var. ochracea Szatala (6)

Lecania ochronigra J. Steiner (6)

Lecania rechingeriana Szatala (6)

Lecania subcaesia (Nyl.) Bouly de Lesd. (6)

Lecania triseptata (Vain.) Zahlbr. (6)

Lecania turicensis (Hepp) Müll. Arg. (6)

Lecanora agardhiana Ach. (4, 6)

Lecanora agardhiana var. microstygna A. Massal. (6)

Lecanora allophana (Ach.) Röhl. (6)

Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme (6)

Lecanora argopholis (Ach.) Ach. (6)

Lecanora bolcana Pollini (6)

Lecanora campestris (Schaer.) Hue (6)

Lecanora chlarotera Nyl. (6)

Lecanora concolor Ramond (6)

Lecanora conferta (Fr.) Grognot (8)

Lecanora crenulata Hook. (4, 6)

Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. (6)

Lecanora dispersella J. Steiner (6)

Lecanora dispersoareolata (Schaer.) Lamy (6)

Lecanora flotowiana Körb. (6, 7)

Lecanora garovaglii (Körb.) Zahlbr. (6)

Lecanora garovaglii var. diffracta A. Massal. (6)

Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. (6, 7)

Lecanora horiza (Ach.) Linds. (6)

Lecanora marginata (Schaer.) Hertel & Rambold (4, 6)

Lecanora meridionalis H. Magn. (6)

Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. (4, 6, 7, 8)

Lecanora muralis var. subversicolor J. Steiner (6)

Lecanora riparia (Flot.) Szatala (6)

Lecanora thysanophora R. C. Harris (6)

Lecanora umbrina (Ach.) A. Massal. var. subnigricans Vain. (6)

Lecanora usbekica Poelt (6)

Lecidea atrobrunnea (Ramond ex Lam. & DC.) Schaer. (6)

Lecidea fuscoatra (L.) Ach. (6)

Lecidea plana (J. Lahm in Körb.) Nyl. (6)

Lecidea subbrunnea J. Steiner (6)

Lecidea tessellata Flörke (6)

*Lecidella carpathica Körb. (XX)

Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy (6)

Lecidella euphorea (Flörke) Hertel (6)

Lecidella patavina (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert (6)

Leciographa insidens J. Steiner [LF] (6)

*Lempholemma botryosum (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. (XX)

Lempholemma polyanthes (Bernh.) Malme (6)

*Lepraria diffusa (J. R. Laundon) Kukwa (XX)

*Lepraria lobificans Nyl. (XX)

*Lepraria vouauxii (Hue) R. C. Harris (XX)

Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams ex D.Hawksw. (6)

Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb. (6)

*Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J. R. Laundon (XX)

Leptogium hildenbrandii (Garov.) Nyl. (6)

Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. (6)

Leptogium minutissimum (Flörke) Fr. (6)

*Leptogium plicatile (Ach.) Leight. s.lat. (XX)

Leptogium saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. (6)

*Leptogium tenuissimum (Dicks.) Körb. (XX)

Leptogium teretiusculum (Wallr.) Arnold

Leptogium turgidum (Ach.) Cromb. (6)

Leptorhaphis atomaria (Ach.) Szatala [LF] (6)

Lichinella algerica (J. Steiner) P. Moreno & Egea (6)

Lichinella iodopulchra (Couderc ex Crozals) P. Moreno & Egea (6)

*Lichinella stipatula Nyl. (XX)

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. (6)

Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner (6)

*Lobothallia praeradiosa (Nyl.) Hafellner (XX)

Lobothallia radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner (6)

Melanohalea exasperata (De Not.) O. Blanco et al. (6)

Melanohalea exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. (6)

Melanelixia glabra (Schaer.) O. Blanco et al. (1, 2, 6, 7)

Melanohalea infumata (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. (6)

Melanelixia subargentifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. (6, 7)

Melaspilea gibberulosa (Ach.) Zwackh [F] (6)

Milospium graphideorum (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. [LF] (6)

Muellerella lichenicola (Sommerf. ex Fr.) D.Hawksw. [LF] (6)

Muellerella pygmaea (Körb.) D. Hawksw. [LF] (6)

Mycobilimbia lurida (Ach.) Hafellner & Türk (6)

Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale (6)

Neocatapyrenium rhizinosum (Müll. Arg.) Breuss (6)

*Neofuscelia loxodes (Nyl.) Essl. (XX)

Neofuscelia perrugata (Nyl.) Elix (4, 6)

Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Essl. (6)

Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach. (6)

Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. (6)

Opegrapha atra Pers. (6)

Opegrapha varia Pers. (6)

Opegrapha vermicellifera (Kunze) J. R. Laundon (6)

Opegrapha vulgata (Ach.) Ach. (6)

Parmelia sulcata Taylor (6)

Parmelina quercina (Willd.) Hale (6)

Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale (6, 7)

Parmotrema perlatum (Eschw.) M. Choisy (syn.: Parmotrema chinense) (6)

Peccania arabica (Müll. Arg.) Henssen (6)

Peccania coralloides (A. Massal.) A. Massal. (6)

Peccania terricola H. Magn. (6, 7)

Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. (6)

Peltigera horizontalis (L.) Willd. (6)

Peltigera lepidophora (Nyl. ex Vain.) Bitter (6)

*Peltigera malacea (Ach.) Funck (XX)

*Peltigera monticola Vitik. (XX)

*Peltigera neckeri Müll.Arg. (XX)

Peltigera polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. (6)

Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf. (6)

Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. (6, 7)

Peltula obscurans (Nyl.) Gyeln. (6)

Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M. Choisy & Werner (6, 7)

Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. var. alnea (Ach.) Erichs. (6)

*Pertusaria excludens Nyl. (XX)

Pertusaria leptospora Nitschke ex J. Lahm (6)

Pertusaria multipuncta (Turner) Nyl. (6)

Pertusaria pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. (6)

Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Duby (6)

Pertusaria trachythallina Erichs. (6)

Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. var. sinensigrapha (Fée) Zahlbr. (6)

*Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl. (XX)

Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg (6)

Phaeophyscia endophoenicea (Harm.) Moberg (6)

*Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl. (XX)

*Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg (XX)

Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg (6)

Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg (6)

Phloeopeccania pulvinulina J. Steiner (6)

Phlyctis argena (Spreng.) Flot. (6, 7)

Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier (6, 7)

Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. (6)

Physcia albinea (Ach.) Nyl. (6)

Physcia biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. (6)

Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. (6)

*Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau (XX)

Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. (6)

Physcia stellaris var. rosulata (Ach.) Nyl. em. Flagey (6)

Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. (6, 7)

Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. (6, 7)

Physconia distorta (With.) J. R. Laundon (6)

Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt (6, 7)

Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt var. iranica (Szatala) ined. (6)

*Physconia muscigena (Ach.) Poelt (XX)

Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg (6, 7)

Piccolia ochrophora (Nyl.) Hafellner (syn. Biatorella ochrophora) (6, 7)

Placidium lachneum (Ach.) Bouly de Lesd. (6)

Placidium lachneum var. pruinatum (J. Steiner) Szatala (6)

Placidium lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss (6)

Placidium pilosellum (Breuss) Breuss (4, 6)

Placidium rufescens (Ach.) Breuss (6)

Placidium semaforonense (Breuss) Breuss

Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss (6)

Placidium tenellum (Breuss) Breuss (6)

Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.) Breuss (6)

Placopyrenium bucekii (Nadv. & Servit) Breuss (6)

Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray (6)

*Placynthium tremniacum (A. Massal.) Jatta (XX)

Pleopsidium chlorophanum (Wahlenb.) Zopf (6)

Pleopsidium flavum (Bellard) Körb. (6)

Pleurosticta acetabulum (Neck.) Elix & Lumbsch (6, 7)

Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) S. Gray (6)

Polysporina pusilla (Anzi) M. Steiner & Vězda (6)

Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vězda (6)

Polysporina urceolata (Anzi) Brodo (6)

Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. (6)

Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab (6)

Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner (6)

Protoparmelia montagnei (Fr.) Poelt & Nimis (6)

Protoparmelia placentiformis (J. Steiner) Poelt (syn. Lecanora placentiformis) (5)

Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. (4, 6)

Psora decipiens f. dealbata A. Massal. (6)

*Psora globifera (Ach.) A. Massal. (XX)

Psora vallesiaca (Schaerer) Timdal (6)

Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray (6)

Psorotichia frustulosa Anzi. (6)

Psorotichia lugubris (A. Massal.) Arnold (6)

Psorotichia lugubris var. buschirensis J. Steiner (6)

Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) G. Schneider (6)

Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog (6)

Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog (6)

Pyrenula chlorospila Arnold (6)

Pyrenula laevigata (Pers.) Arnold (6)

Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. (6)

Pyrenula subelliptica (Tuck. in Lea) R. C. Harris (6)

Pyrgidium montellicum (Beltram.) Tibell (6)

Ramalina baltica Lettau (6)

*Ramalina canariensis J. Steiner (XX)

Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. (6)

Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. (6)

Ramalina farinacea var. phalerata (Ach.) Ach. (6)

*Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. (XX)

*Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. (7)

Ramalina nervulosa (Müll. Arg.) Des Abb. (6)

Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. (6, 7)

Ramalina pollinaria f. cucullata Harm. (6)

*Ramalina roesleri (Schaer.) Hue (XX)

Ramalina siliquosa (Huds.) A. L. Sm. (6)

Ramalina sinensis Jatta (2MB) 6)

Ramalina sinensis Jatta (90 KM) 6)

Ramalina sinensis Jatta (45 KB) (6)

Ramalina thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. (6)

Rhizocarpon alpicola (Anzi) Rabenh. (6)

Rhizocarpon disporum (Naeg. ex Hepp) Müll. Arg. (6)

Rhizocarpon geminatum Körb. (4, 6)

Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. (4, 6, 7, 9)

Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Anders (4, 6)

Rhizocarpon umbilicatum (Ramond) Flagey (8, 9)

Rhizocarpon viridiatrum (Wulfen) Körb. (4, 6)

Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf (6, 7)

Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt (4, 6)

Rhizoplaca peltata (Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt (6)

Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arnold (6)

Rinodina bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal. (4, 6)

Rinodina bischoffii var. convexula Flagey (6)

Rinodina dubyana (Hepp) J. Steiner (6)

Rinodina exigua (Ach.) Gray (6)

Rinodina guzzinii Jatta (6)

Rinodina immersa (Körb.) Zahlbr. (6)

Rinodina immersa f. perexigua (Müll. Arg.) Szatala (6)

Rinodina pycnocarpa H. Magn. (6)

Rinodina straussii J. Steiner (6)

Rinodina turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körb. (6)

Rinodinella controversa (A. Massal.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt (6)

Sarcogyne clavus (DC.) Kremp. (6)

Sarcogyne polackiana (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn. (6)

Sarcogyne regularis Körb. (6)

Schismatomma decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauzade & Vězda (6)

*Seirophora lacunosa (Rupr.) Frödén (XX)

Solenopsora asperatula (J. Steiner) Zahlbr. (6)

Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. (6)

Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James (4, 6)

Squamarina concrescens (Müll. Arg.) Poelt (6)

Squamarina gypsacea (Sm.) Poelt (6)

Squamarina lentigera (Weber) Poelt (4, 6)

Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi) P. M. Jørg. & Henssen (6)

Staurothele ambrosiana (A. Massal.) Zschacke (6)

Staurothele clopima (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. (6)

Staurothele hymenogonia (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (6)

Staurothele orbicularis (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. var. orientalis J. Steiner (6)

Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner (6)

Thrombium corticolum J. Steiner (6)

Thrombium stereocarpum J. Steiner (6)

*Thyrea confusa Henssen (xx)

*Thyrea plicatissima (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (XX)

*Tomasellia gelatinosa (Chevall.) Zahlbr. [F] (XX)

Toninia aromatica (Sm.) A. Massal. (6)

Toninia candida (Weber) Th. Fr. (4, 6)

Toninia cinereovirens (Schaerer) A. Massal. (6, 7)

Toninia diffracta (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. (4, 6)

Toninia physaroides (Opiz) Zahlbr. (4, 6)

Toninia rosulata (Anzi) H. Olivier (8)

Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal (4, 6)

Toninia taurica (Szatala) Oksner (6, 7)

Toninia weberi Timdal (6)

Tornabea scutellifera (With.) J. R. Laundon (6)

Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) Choisy (6)

Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. (6)

Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise ex Duby var. tornata (Ach.) Nyl. (6)

Usnea articulata (L.) Hoffm. (6)

Usnea hirta (L.) F. H. Wigg. (6)

Usnea lapponica Vain. s.lat. (6)

Verrucaria buschirensis J. Steiner (6)

Verrucaria compacta (A. Massal.) Jatta (6)

Verrucaria crassa (Anzi) Jatta (6)

Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch (6)

Verrucaria fuscula Nyl. (6)

Verrucaria lecideoides Trevisan (6)

Verrucaria macrostoma Dufour ex DC. (6)

Verrucaria marmorea (Scop.) Arnold (6, 7)

Verrucaria minuta (Hepp) Zschacke (6)

Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. (6)

Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale s.lat. (6)

*Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gyeln.) Hale (XX)

Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr.(6)

Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (6)

Xanthoria elegans (Link.) Th. Fr. (4, 6, 9)

Xanthoria elegans var. tenuis (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. (6)

Xanthomendoza fallax (Hepp) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Kondratyuk (6)

Xanthomendoza fulva (Hoffm.) Poelt & Petutschnig (6, 7)

Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. (6)

*Xanthoria sorediata (Vain.) Poelt (XX)

Xanthoria steineri Lamb (6)

*Xanthoria ulophyllodes Räsänen (XX)

Omitted names (synonyms, misidentifications):

Aspicilia desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. = A. esculenta

Biatorella ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold = Piccolia ochrophora

Cladonia magyarica Vain. (3): locality not in Iran.

Lecanora placentiformis J. Steiner = Protoparmelia placentiformis

Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti = P. perlatum

Acknowledgements

We are most grateful to Prof. A. A. Maassoumi (Tehran), Dr M. Haji Moniri (Tehran) and Mr M. Sohrabi (Gorgan) for the opportunity to examine further Iranian collections they have made and to Prof. T. Ahti (Helsinki), Dr B. J. Coppins (Edinburgh), Dr H. Kashiwadani (Tokyo), Dr B. Krzewicka (Krakow), Prof. P. L. Nimis (Trieste), Mr A. Orange (Cardiff), Dr Mattias Schulz (Hamburg), Prof. L. Tibell (Uppsala) and Dr O. Vitikainen (Helsinki) for their help in the identification of critical material. We are also indebted to SYNTHESYS for funding which enabled MRDS to work on these revisions with HJMS at Berlin. M. Schulz kindly brought under our attention an overlooked reference (5).

References

(1) Ahti, T. (1966) Parmelia olivacea and the allied non-isidiate and non-sorediate corticolous lichens in the northern hemisphere. Acta Bot. Fennica 70: 1-68.

(2) Esslinger, T.L. (1977) A chemosystematic revision of the brown Parmelias. J. Hattori  Bot. Lab. 42: 1-211.

(3) Litterski, B. & Ahti, T. (2004) World distribution of selected European Cladonia species. Symb. Bot. Ups. 34: 205-236.

(4) Moniry, H. M., Fallahian, F. & Maassoumi, A. (2005) Lichens from the Khorasan Province, Iran. Folia Cryptog. Estonia 41: 55-57.

(5) Poelt, J. & Leuckert, C. (1991) Die Formenkreis von Protoparmelia atriseda (Lichenes, Lecanoraceae) in Europa. Nova Hedwigia 52: 39-64.

(6) Seaward, M. R. D., Sipman, H. J. M., Schultz, M., Maassoumi, A. A., Haji Moniri Anbaran, M. & Sohrabi, M. (2004) A preliminary lichen checklist for Iran. Willdenowia 34: 543-576.

(7) Sohrabi, M. (2005) Lichens from Golestan National Park (Iran). Folia Cryptog. Estonia 41: 105-108.

(8) Zokaei, M. (2002) Study on identification and distribution of lichens (order Lecanorales) in Mashhad and surroundings. Rostaniha 3: 1-3.

(9) Zokaei, M. & Abedi, F. (2000) Study, recognition and introduction of 6 species of rocky lichens in north-eastern highlands of Mashhad (Kardeh area). Agric. Sci. Technol. 14 (2): 2-14.