*Continued from Willdenowia 19: 543–555 (1990).

De Herbario Berolinensi Notulae No. 28
H. J. M. SIPMAN
Lichenotheca Latinoamericana a museo botanico berolinensi edita, fasciculum 
secundum*

Abstract
Sipman, H. J. M.: Lichenotheca Latinoamericana a museo botanico berolinensi 
edita, fasciculum secundum [Lichenotheca Latinoamericana edited by the 
Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, second fascicle]. - Willdenowia 23: 305-
314. - ISSN 0511-9618.
Label information is presented for 50 lichen specimens from Brazil, Colombia, 
Costa Rica, French Guyana, Guyana, Mexico, Suriname and Venezuela, which 
form the second fascicle of this series of exsiccata. Teloschistes californicus 
from Baja California, Mexico, and California, USA, related to T. villosus, is 
described as new to science and illustrated.

The second fascicle of Lichenotheca Latinoamericana is distributed to the 
following institutional herbaria: B, C, CBG, COL, COLO, CR, GZU, ICN, LD, 
M, MEXU, MVM, NY, PRE, QCN, S, TNS, UPS, U, US, VEN. It contains 
isotype material of a species new to science, i.e. Teloschistes californicus, 
which is described below. Samples of three species have been collected on or 
very close to the type locality and can be considered as "topotypes": Arthonia 
opegraphina, Monoblastia pellucida and Porina fusca.
The author is much indebted to the following contributors of material: Dr. A. 
Aptroot (Baarn, The Netherlands), Dr. R. Lücking (Ulm, Germany) and Dr. H. 
Osorio (Montevideo, Uruguay). Their support is much appreciated.

51. Arthonia opegraphina Lücking
det. R. Lücking, 1991.
COSTA RICA, San José prov., Braulio Carillo national park, section Carillo, c. 
35 km NNE of San José at the San José-Limon highway, atlantic slope of 
Cordillera Central, 10 09' N, 83 58' W, lower montane rain forest zone, primary 
forest on the "Botella"-trail, on leaves of indet. dicot., c. 700-800 m.
leg. R. Lücking 91-3354. d.d. September 1991

52. Badimia dimidiata (Müll. Arg.) Vezda
det. H. Sipman, 1988.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., mount Latipu, c. 8 km N of Kamarang, 5 57' 
N, 60 38' W, foliicolous in undergrowth of c. 15 m tall forest on N-foot, c. 600 
m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 19008. d.d. 24 February 1985

53. Biatora pyrrhomelaena Tuck.
det. H. Sipman, 1990.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., E-bank of Waruma river, 12 km S of 
confluence with Kako river, 5 24' N, 60 47' W, foliicolous in undergrowth of c. 
25 m tall, virgin, riverain forest, c. 550 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 18630. d.d. 10 February 1985

54. Byssoloma leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain.
det. H. Sipman, 1989.
COLOMBIA, dept. Antioquia, munic. Medellín, El Boqueron, mountain pass c. 
10 km NW of Medellín on road to Sta. Fe de Antioquia, 6 19' N, 75 42' W, 
foliicolous in undergrowth of strongly disturbed forest remnants on steep slope, 
2500 m.
leg. H. Sipman, M. Escobar et al. 29800. d.d. 26 June 1986

55. Byssoloma tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr.
det. H. Sipman, 1989.
COLOMBIA, dept. Narińo, munic. Tumaco, surroundings of Estacion Forestal 
La Espriella, on road Tumaco-Pasto, 1 25' N, 78 40' W, foliicolous in 
undergrowth of moderately affected relics of c. 30 m tall rainforest between La 
Espriella and Río Mira, 35 m.
leg. H. Sipman, R. Velosa et al. 29595. d.d. 4-6 June 1986

56. Chroodiscus coccineus (Leight.) Müll. Arg.
det. H. Sipman, 1992.
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, Saül, near Cambrouze, along trail to Saül, 3 38' N, 
53 14' W, foliicolous in undergrowth of tropical primary forest, c. 300 m.
leg. H. Sipman, R. Kruyt & B. Zimmer 34485. d.d. 14 January 1988

57. Cladina sprucei (Ahti) Ahti
det. H. Sipman, 1990. TLC: atranorin, fumarprotocetraric acid.
COLOMBIA, dept. Caqueta, Araracuara, tableland near airstrip, 0 36' S, 72 26' 
W, on thin humus cover on sandstone plate, little shaded, in savanna between 
airstrip and Bolcan del Diablo, 350 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Duivenvoorden 27802. d.d. 29 October 1988

58. Cladonia carassensis Vain.
det. H. Sipman, 1990. TLC: thamnolic acid.
COLOMBIA, commis. Amazonas, Araracuara, tableland on S-side of river 
Caquetá W of Puerto Santander, opposite airstrip of Araracuara, 0 36' S, 72 25' 
W, on slightly shaded rockflat in low savanna forest at "Ciudad Perdida", 1 km 
W of Chorro, 350 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Duivenvoorden 27883. d.d. 29 October 1988

59. Cladonia corallifera (Kunze) Nyl. var. corallifera
det. T. Ahti, 1982.
SURINAME, white sand savanna near Zanderij.
leg. K. U. Kramer & W. H. A. Hekking s.n. d.d. 26. December 1960

60. Cladonia pulviniformis Ahti
det. T. Ahti, 1987.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., along trail from Kamarang river to Puipui 
Mountain, c. 10 km N of Waramadan, 5 57' N, 60 45' W, in rocky savannah, c. 
800 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 19329. d.d. 28 February 1985

61. Cladonia rappii Evans var. exilior (Abbayes) Ahti
det. H. Sipman, 1990.
COLOMBIA, dept. Santander, munic. Charala, correg. Virolín, Cańaverales, 
near finca Sta. Helena, 6 05' N, 73 12' W, in pasturefield with forest remnants 
in mountain valley, 1900 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Aguirre 27573. d.d. 25 October 1988

62. Cladonia signata (Eschw.) Vain.
det. T. Ahti, 1987.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., along trail from Kamarang river to Puipui 
Mountain, c. 10 km N of Waramadan, 5 57' N, 60 45' W, in rocky savannah, c. 
800 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 19328. d.d. 28 February 1985

63. Cladonia spinea Ahti
det. T. Ahti, 1990. TLC: usnic, squamatic acids.
COLOMBIA, dept. Caqueta, Araracuara, tableland near airstrip, 0 36' S, 72 26' 
W, on thin humus cover on sandstone plate, little shaded, in savanna between 
airstrip and Bolcan del Diablo, 350 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Duivenvoorden 27803. d.d. 29 October 1988

64. Cladonia subradiata (Vain.) Sandst.
det. H. Sipman, 1990. TLC: fumarprotocetraric acid.
COLOMBIA, dept. Santander, munic. Charala, correg. Virolín, Cańaverales, 
near finca Sta. Helena, 6 05' N, 73 12' W, in pasturefield with forest remnants 
in mountain valley, 1900 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Aguirre 27569. d.d. 25 October 1988

65. Crocynia gossypina (Sw.) Mass.
det. H. Sipman, 1992.
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, Saül, along trail (route 1, 4, 5) 1-2 km SSW of Saül, 
3 37' N, 53 13' W, foliicolous in undergrowth of tropical primary forest, c. 300 
m.
leg. H. Sipman, R. Kruyt & B. Zimmer 31680. d.d. 11 January 1988

66. Dendrographa leucophaea (Tuck.) Darbish.
det. A. Aptroot, 1989.
MEXICO, Baja California, Cabo San Quintin, along Pacific Ocean front NW of 
Bahía Falsa, 30 28' N, 116 02' W, on dwarfshrub branches in coastal scrub 
community (Euphorbia, Jatropha, etc.), c. 10 m.
leg. A. Aptroot 24518. d.d. 4 January 1989

67. Dimerella hypophylla Vezda
det. H. Sipman, 1990.
VENEZUELA, Bolivar, Cerro Guaiquinima, at confluence of rivers Carapo and 
Lima, c. 5 35' N, 63 32' W, foliicolous in undergrowth of tropical primary 
forest, c. 320 m.
leg. H. Sipman 27302. d.d. 16 February 1990

68. Erioderma verruculosa Vain.
det. H. Sipman, 1990.
COLOMBIA, dept. Santander, munic. Charala, correg. Virolín, Cańaverales, 
near finca Sta. Helena, 6 05' N, 73 12' W, on small trees in pasturefield with 
forest remnants in mountain valley, 1900 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Aguirre 27615. d.d. 25 October 1988

69. Erioderma wrightii Tuck.
det. H. Sipman, 1990.
COLOMBIA, dept. Santander, munic. Charala, correg. Virolín, Cańaverales, 
near finca Sta. Helena, 6 05' N, 73 12' W, on small trees in pasturefield with 
forest remnants in mountain valley, 1900 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Aguirre 27617. d.d. 25 October 1988

70. Eschatogonia prolifera (Mont.) R. Sant.
det. H. Sipman, 1991.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., N-slope of Mount Roraima, 5 17' N, 60 46' 
W, on treetrunk in c. 25 m tall, virgin, mossy forest, c. 700 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 18812. d.d. 12-19 February 1985

71. Lobaria conformis Vain.
det. I. Yoshimura, 1972; communicated by H. Osorio.
BRAZIL, Parana, Guarapuava, 25 23' S, 51 28' W, on trunk and branches of 
indigenous trees, near a brook.
leg. J. E. Montes 10122f. d.d. 18 April 1956

72. Megalospora tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman
det. H. Sipman, 1990.
COLOMBIA, dept. Santander, munic. Charala, correg. Virolín, Cańaverales, 
near finca Sta. Helena, 6 05' N, 73 12' W, on small trees in pasturefield with 
forest remnants in mountain valley, 1900 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Aguirre 27560. d.d. 25 October 1988

73. Monoblastia pellucida Aptroot
det. H. Sipman, 1992. TLC: no lichen substances detected.
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, Cayenne, gardens around ORSTOM buildings, c. 
4 56' N, 52 17' W, epiphyte on Andira inermis, c. 10 m.
leg. H. Sipman, R. Kruyt & B. Zimmer 31526. d.d. 3 January 1988

74. Myriotrema glaucophaena (Kremp.) Hale
det. H. Sipman, 1990. TLC: psoromic acid.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., E-bank of Waruma river, c. 4 km S of 
confluence with Kako river, 5 28' N, 60 47' W, on c. 10 cm diam. trunklet in 
undergrowth of c. 25 m tall, virgin, riverain forest, c. 550 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 18596. d.d. 9 February 1985

75. Myriotrema myrioporoides (Müll. Arg.) Hale
det. H. Sipman, 1990. TLC: hypoprotocetraric acid.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., Pakaraima mountains, c. 2 km N of 
Kamarang, 5 53' N, 60 38' W, epiphyte in c. 25 m tall, virgin forest, c. 500 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 18230. d.d. 4 February 1985

76. Myriotrema cf. olivaceum Fée
det. H. Sipman, 1983. TLC: unidentified substance.
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, Montagne du Mahury, 10 km SE of Cayenne, 4 53' N, 
52 17' W, epiphytic in forest relict, c. 100 m.
leg. A. Aptroot 15482. d.d. March 1985
Remark: The material fits M. olivaceum quite well morphologically. However, 
the unidentified substance does not seem to be identical with the "olivacea 
unknown"; it turns brownish grey on developed TLC plates, and runs about the 
same distance as protocetraric acid in solvents A and B (White & James 1985). 
The collection is probably best considered as belonging to a chemical strain of 
M. olivaceum.

77. Ocellularia auberiana (Mont.) Hale
det. H. Sipman, 1991. TLC: psoromic acid.
GUYANA, East Demerara distr., Timehri, Dakara Creek, Thompson's farm, 
6 29' N, 58 15' W, epiphyte on Eperua treetrunk in Wallaba forest on white 
sand, c. 10 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 17923. d.d. 2 February 1985

78. Ocellularia cavata (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
det. H. Sipman, 1993. TLC: "cinchonarum unknown".
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., N-slope of Mount Roraima, 5 17' N, 60 46' 
W, 5 m high on 10 cm diam. treetrunk in c. 25 m tall, virgin, mossy forest, c. 
700 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 18742. d.d. 12-19 February 1985

79. Ocellularia emersa (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
det. H. Sipman, 1993. TLC: psoromic acid.
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, Saül, along trail (route 1, 4, 5) 1-2 km SSW of Saül, 
3 37' N, 53 13' W, epiphyte in undergrowth of tropical primary forest, c. 300 m.
leg. H. Sipman, R. Kruyt & B. Zimmer 31682. d.d. 11 January 1988

80. Ocellularia meiosperma (Nyl.) Hale
det. H. Sipman, 1991. TLC: no identifiable substances.
GUYANA, East Demerara distr., Timehri, Dakara Creek, Thompson's farm, 
6 29' N, 58 15' W, epiphyte on Eperua treetrunk in Wallaba forest on white 
sand, c. 10 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 17922. d.d. 2 February 1985

81. Ocellularia perforata (Leight.) Müll. Arg.
det. H. Sipman, 1993. TLC: protocetraric acid.
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, Saül, in primary forest near Boeuf Mort, 3 38' N, 
53 12' W, epiphyte on 10 cm diam. tree, 200-300 m.
leg. A. Aptroot 15358. d.d. March 1985
Remark: The specimen has rather large ascocarp warts, c. 1 mm in diameter.

82. Opegrapha vegae R. Sant.
det. H. Sipman, 1992.
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, Ile de Cayenne, montagne du Mahury, ca. 10 km SE 
of Cayenne, along trail to Lac du Rorota, 4 51' N, 52 16' W, foliicolous on 
palm leaf in secundary vegetation, c. 50 m.
leg. H. Sipman, R. Kruyt & B. Zimmer 32038. d.d. 5 January 1988

83. Peltigera dolichorrhiza Nyl.
det. H. Sipman, 1990.
COLOMBIA, dept. Santander, munic. Charala, correg. Virolín, Cańaverales, 
near finca Sta. Helena, 6 05' N, 73 12' W, in pasturefield with forest remnants 
in mountain valley, 1900 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Aguirre 27572. d.d. 25 October 1988

84. Phyllopsora buettneri (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
det. H. Sipman, 1983. TLC: zeorin, unidentified substance (not pannarin).
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, Montagne du Mahury, 10 km SE of Cayenne, 4 53' N, 
52 17' W, epiphytic in forest relict, c. 100 m.
leg. A. Aptroot 15483. d.d. March 1985

85. Phyllopsora furfuracea (Pers.) Zahlbr.
det. L. Brako, 1990. TLC: furfuracein, det. L. Brako.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., mount Latipu, c. 8 km N of Kamarang, 5 57' 
N, 60 38' W, on 15 cm diam. treetrunk in c. 15 m tall forest on N-foot, c. 600 
m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 19003. d.d. 24 February 1985

86. Porina epiphylla (Fée) Fée
det. H. Sipman, 1989.
COLOMBIA, dept. Meta, munic. Villavicencio, forest of S.A. Bavaria, N of the 
town, near Rio Guaitiquia, foliicolous in undergrowth of subandine forest, 600 
m.
leg. J. Aguirre & H. Sipman 5691. d.d. 26 September 1984

87. Porina fusca Lücking
det. R. Lücking, 1991.
COSTA RICA, Puntarena prov., Carara biological reserve, c. 55 km WSW of 
San José, close to the Pacific coast, 9 47' N, 84 35' W, on leaves of 
Erythrochiton in tropical lowland rainforest, 50-100 m.
leg. R. Lücking 91-5000. d.d. September 1991

88. Porina mastoidea (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
det. A. Aptroot, 1991.
GUYANA, East Demerara distr., Timehri, Dakara Creek, Thompson's farm, 
6 29' N, 58 15' W, epiphyte on treetrunk in Wallaba forest on white sand, c. 10 
m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 17998. d.d. 2 February 1985

89. Porina papillifera (Stirt.) Shilling
det. R. Lücking, 1991.
COSTA RICA, Limón prov., Hitoy Cerere biological reserve, c. 120 km ESE of 
San José on Atlantic slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca, 9 41' N, 83 02' W, 
on leaves of Chrysophila albida in primary forest, 100-200 m.
leg. R. Lücking 91-5001. d.d. March 1991

90. Porina tetracerae (Afz.) Müll. Arg.
det. H. Sipman, 1992.
GUYANE FRANÇAISE, near Sinnemary, 23 km on the Piste de St.-Elie, c. 
5 15' N, 53 03' W, in disturbed primary tropical forest, c. 50 m.
leg. H. Sipman, R. Kruyt & B. Zimmer 31852. d.d. 19 January 1988

91. Ramalina ceruchis Ach.
det. H. Sipman, 1989. TLC: unknown fatty substance, unknown terpenoids.
MEXICO, Baja California, along route 1, near km 131 from Ensenada to San 
Quintin, 2 km S of Colonet, 31 04' N, 116 13' W, on branchlets of Euphorbia 
miserrima in c. 1 m tall coastal desert scrub, c. 100 m.
leg. H. Sipman 24754. d.d. 3 January 1989

92. Ramalina homalea Ach.
det. H. Sipman, 1989. TLC: divaricatic acid (tentative identification).
MEXICO, Baja California, near km 62.5 on road from Parador Punta Prieta to 
Guerrero Negro, near El Tomatal, 28 34' N, 114 04' W, on gravelly soil on 
exposed hill slope close to the seashore, 30 m.
leg. H. Sipman 25103. d.d. 10 January 1989

93. Ramalina homalea Ach.
det. H. Sipman, 1989. TLC: sekikaic acid.
MEXICO, Baja California, near km 62.5 on road from Parador Punta Prieta to 
Guerrero Negro, near El Tomatal, 28 34' N, 114 04' W, on gravelly soil on 
exposed hill slope close to the seashore, 30 m.
leg. H. Sipman 25102. d.d. 10 January 1989
Remark: The pronounced differences between the plants distributed under nr. 92 
and 93 suggest that more than one species is involved; further investigations 
into this aggregate seem very desirable.

94. Roccella fimbriata Darb.
det. A. Aptroot, 1989.
MEXICO, Baja California, Cabo San Quintin, along Pacific Ocean front NW of 
Bahía Falsa, 30 28' N, 116 02' W, on rock in coastal scrub community 
(Euphorbia, Jatropha, etc.), c. 10 m.
leg. A. Aptroot 24475. d.d. 4 January 1989

95. Siphula carassensis Müll. Arg.
det. H. Sipman, 1991. TLC: siphulin, thamnolic acid.
VENEZUELA, Bolivar, Cerro Guaiquinima, near NE edge of upper plateau, c. 
5 54' N, 63 27' W, on sandstone rock flat in periodically dry rivulet, c. 1200 m.
leg. H. Sipman 26704. d.d. 7 February 1990

96. Stereocaulon pityrizans Nyl.
det. H. Sipman, 1990. TLC: atranorin, trace norstictic acid, stictic acid and 
associated substances, probably including menegazziaic, cryptostictic and 
constictic acids.
COLOMBIA, dept. Santander, munic. Charala, correg. Virolín, Cańaverales, 
along road to Duitama, c. 6 02' N, 73 14' W, on open road bank on steep slope 
with mossy Quercus forest, c. 2300 m.
leg. H. Sipman & J. Aguirre 27652. d.d. 26 October 1988

97. Sticta ferax Müll. Arg.
det. H. Sipman, 1990. 
COSTA RICA, San José prov., Cordillera de Talamanca, c. 5 km W of Cerro de 
la Muerte, San Gerardo de Dota, along Quebrada Ojo de Agua, 9 35' N, 83 48' 
W, epiphyte in Quercus forest, 2600 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Chaverri 20760. d.d. 21 March 1985

98. Teloschistes californicus Sipman - ISOTYPUS
det. H. Sipman, 1993.
MEXICO, Baja California, near km 22 on road from Ciudad Constitucion to 
San Carlos (Route 22), 24 59' N, 111 51' W, on branches in desert scrub on 
sandy plain with Acacia constricta, Fouquieria diguetii, etc., 30 m.
leg. H. Sipman 25056. d.d. 8 January 1989

Teloschistes californicus Sipman, spec. nova - Fig. 1–2.
Typus: Sipman 25056 (Holo- B; iso- distributed in Lichenotheca 
Latinoamericana 2: no. 98).
Diagnosis:
A Teloschistide villoso simili differt sorediis a latere inferiore productis, thallo 
minore, tomento breviore, apotheciis minoribus.

Description:
Thallus (Fig. 1A) fruticose, 1-2(-3) cm long, rather stiff, composed of one or 
more blades attached by a permanent basal holdfast, grey with a brownish tinge, 
growing on twigs; blades dorsiventral, divided from the base into mostly linear, 
strongly branched, undulate lobes.
Lobes (Fig. 1B) 0.2-2 mm wide, at the tips often with minute dactyloid or 
coralloid-branched, c. 0.1 mm wide, terete lacinulae; upper side flat or slightly 
convex, rather densely covered with hairs, which may disappear in older thallus 
parts; lower side flat or slightly concave, strongly longitudinally striate-
reticulate, concolourous with the upper side, sometimes hairy on the striae, 
towards the tip ± covered with a thin, greenish layer of medium-sized soredia; 
hairs (Fig. 2B) straight, c. 1 mm long, at base c. 15 µm wide, composed of 
bundled hyphae, mostly unbranched or with short perpendicular branchlets; lobe 
axils usually wide and rounded; wider lobes often perforated; thallus without 
anthraquinones. Anatomy (Fig. 2A): lobes c. 100-200 mm thick and composed 
of three very irregular layers: upper layer c. 10-25 µm thick, 
prosoplectenchymatic, composed of ± longitudinally running hyphae; algiferous 
layer c. 75 µm thick, much interrupted, with algae in scattered groups; ventral 
layer prosoplectenchymatic, composed of ± longitudinally running hyphae, in 
depressions covered by scarce and thin patches of arachnoid tissue.
Apothecia infrequent, laminal on upper side of older parts of the thallus, 0.5-1 
mm in diam., with thalloid, hairy margin and orange-coloured (anthraquinone!) 
disc, when young strongly constricted at base and with prominent margin and 
concave disc, later becoming flattened with wider base and less prominent 
margin. Anatomical details (one apothecium from holotype investigated): 
hymenium 40 µm tall, clear; epithecium yellowish granular, granules K+ dark 
reddish, dissolving and producing fine crystals; hypothecium hyaline; spores 
polarilocular, c. 10 x 4 µm, septum occupying about one third of the length, 8 
per ascus. Pycnidia (one from holotype investigated) immersed in orange warts, 
c. 0.1 mm in diam., on upper surface of lobes; pycnoconidia c. 3 x 1 µm, 
elongate with rounded ends, slightly narrower towards one end.
Teloschistes californicus has been mistaken in the past for T. villosus (Ach.) 
Norm. It differs most conspicuously by the production of soredia on the lower 
surface. In addition, its thallus is smaller, less densely tomentose, with shorter 
hairs (c. 0.1 mm instead of c. 0.2 mm long), regularly perforate, with the lower 
side more strongly ridged. The apothecia and spores seem to remain smaller. 
(Data on T. villosus taken from Hillmann (1930) and herbarium material in B). 
Nevertheless T. villosus seems the closest relative of T. californicus. T. 
lacunosus (Rupr.) Sav. has much shorter and less divided thallus lobes, and is 
otherwise closer to T. villosus.
T. californicus is so far known only from Baja California, Mexico, and 
California, USA, where it grows on twigs of shrubs (Lycium californicum, Idria) 
in coastal desert with abundant fog. All specimens identified as T. villosus from 
this area which I have seen belong to T. californicus. Specimens from South 
America, e.g. Peru, turned out to be true T. villosus.

Additional specimens seen:
USA, California: Point Loma bei San Diego, 1898, ex herb. H. E. Hasse (B).
Mexico, Baja California: 23 km SE of El Rosario, 5. 1. 1989, H. Sipman 24920 
(B); km 170 on road Santa Rosalia - Guerrero Negro, 9. 1. 1989, H. Sipman 
25090 (B).

99. Thelotrema glaucopallens Nyl.
det. H. Sipman, 1991. TLC: stictic acid and associated substances, probably 
including constictic acid.
GUYANA, East Demerara distr., Timehri, Dakara Creek, Thompson's farm, 
6 29' N, 58 15' W, epiphyte on Eperua treetrunk in Wallaba forest on white 
sand, c. 10 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 17913 d.d. 2 February 1985

100. Trypethelium nitidiusculum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
det. H. Sipman, 1991.
GUYANA, Upper Mazaruni distr., N-slope of Mount Roraima, 5 17' N, 60 46' 
W, 7 m high on 40 cm diam. treetrunk in c. 25 m tall, virgin, mossy forest, c. 
700 m.
leg. H. Sipman & A. Aptroot 18767. d.d. 12-19 February 1985

References
Hillmann, J. 1930: Studien über die Flechtengattung Teloschistes Norm. - 
Hedwigia 69: 303-343.
White, F. J. & James, P. W. 1985: A new guide to microchemical techniques for 
the identification of lichen substances. - Bull. Brit. Lichen Soc. 57 Suppl.
Address of the author:
Dr. H. J. M. Sipman, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-
Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, D-14195 Berlin.